Muffler



W. C. MILES MUFFLER Filed July 23, 1920 2 Shoots-Sheet 1 W. C. MILESMUFFLER 2 Shuts-Sheet 2 Filed July 23, 1920 Patented Feb. 3, 1925.

WILLIAM 0'. MILES, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

MUFFLER.

Application filed m 23,

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, VvILL-TAM C. hITLES, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State ofOhio, have invented new and useful Improvements in Mufflers, of whichthe following is a specification.

The primary object of the invention is to provide a muffler,particularly adapted to be used in connection with internal combustionengines, a 'means whereby the sounds or reports incident to the releaseof exhaust gases is reduced in audibility or eliminated without settingup back ressure to such an extent as to materially afi ect the normaloperation of the engine or materially decrease the efficiency thereof. 1

Other, and more or less dependent, objects of the invention will beapparent in the course of the following description of what I at presentregard as the preferred embodiment of the same.

It is a well known fact that exhaust gases released from the cylindersof an internal combustion engine do not travel through the exhaust pipein a continuous stream or column but on the other hand pass through in apulsatory mannerby reason of the fact that the exhaust gases, in theform of relatively short high tensioned columns or zones, are separatedby relatively low tensioned zones or gases. The columns of exhaust gasesof relative high tension, separated by relative low tensioned zones,when released from the exhaust pipe directly into the atmosphere byreason of sudden expansion to atmospheric pressure tend to create apartial vacuum at the point of release which partial vacuum is quicklyfilled in by the surrounding atmosphere, thereby producing sound wavesof such intensity as to be audibly transmitted to the adjacent airstrata.

The invention consists in effecting the breaking up of a stream ofexhaust, which is divided into relatively high and low tensioned' zones,into a plurality-of similar streams likewise made up of high and lowtensionedzones, and further efi'ecting an equalization of the densitiesor relative vapor tensions of the several portions or zones of theexhaust column so as to reduce the stream or column of exhaust from acondition of alternately high and low tensioned zones to that ofa-relatively uniformly ten- 1920. Serial No. 398,499.

sioned stream or column of exhaust which at the final point of releaseis expanded and dissipated without setting up sound waves or vibrationsof a distinctly audible nature.

In the drawings forming a part of this specification wherein likenumerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same,

Figure 1 is a central longitudinal sectional view of the deviceembodying my invention,

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 22 of Figure 1,

Fig. 3 is a. transverse sectional view taken on line 3-3 of Figure 1,

Fig. 4 is a plan view of acorrugated blank,

Fig. 5. is a transverse sectional view taken on line 5-5 of Figure 1,and

Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 6-6 of Figure 1.

Fig. 7 is a modified form of wallplate.

In. the drawings, attention being called to Figures 1 to 6 inclusive,wherein is shown a preferred embodiment of my invention, the numeral 10indicates a cylinder of, preferably, sheet metal which forms the mufilerbody, within which is arranged a corrugated cylinder 11 formed from acorrugated blank 12 shown in Fig. 4. The, blank 12 may be corrugated byany conventional or suitable method and subsequently placed to a punchpress equipped with suitable dies and punches to form a plurality ofopenings 13 and a corresponding number of tongues 14 which serve, ineffect, as ejectors within the passages or conduits 15 of the corrugatedcylinder 11 to relieve the pressure of exhaust at different localitieswithin the muflier, as will hereinafter be described.

The corrugated blank 12 upon being provided with the tongues 14 isrolled into a cylinder and inserted into the cylinder or main body 10 asshown in Figure 1, whereupon divisional wall plates 16 and 17 areassembled, as shown, respectivel at the outlet and intake ends of the mer to form Within the corrugated cylinder 11 a reservoir 17". It will benoted that the wall plates 16 and 17 are substantially identical except,however, the plate 17 is provided with a relatively large opening 18,whereas the plate 16 is solid. The plates as shown are each at theirperipheral edges scalloped or cut away to provide openings 19 whichregister with the conduits or p To insure intimate contact between thecylinder or body 10 and the corrugated cylinder 11 alternate arms 20 ofthe plates 16 and 17 are bent at right angles as shown most clearly inFigures 5 and 6 at 21 to engage the inner surfaceof the corrugatedcylinder at points intermediate alternate corrugations, one angularlybent portion of each of the-plates being in contact with the corrugatedcylinder at the abutting or adjoining longitudinal edges thereof.

As a means for retaining the plates 16 and '17 in contact with the endsof the corrugated cylinder I have disclosed tie bolts or rods 22longitudinally disposed within the device and provided with nuts 22'which are run down upon-the screw threaded ends of the bolts and intofirm engagement with the plates. These tie rods or bolts serve not onlyas a means for retaining the corrugated cylinder 11 together with thewall plates 16 and 17 against relative movement with'respect to eachother, but serve also as a means for retaining in position the endplates or heads 23 and 24. thus forming respectively at the outlet andinlet ends of the mufiler a final expansion chamber 25. and an initialexpansion chamber 26. The end plate 23 is provided preferably centrallywith an outlet pipe 27 which may be relatively short as shown orrelatively long as the occasion or use to which the mufiier is put mayrequire. The end plate or head 24 is constructed particularly for thereception of the exhaust pipe 28 which is held therein by any of theconventional zneans most generally employed in such connection.

Under certain conditions it may be found desirable to substitute thedivisional wall mainder passing through the several conduits or passa"es-15 and into the final expansion cham r 25 from which it passesthrough the outlet pipe 21ginto the atmosphere. The exhaust which enterseach of the conduits or passages 15 is in the form of a stream or columnof relatively low and high tensioned zones of exhaust, and the same istrue also of the exhaust which enters the reservoir 17". .When theexhaust enters the reservoir 1 its velocit is decreased due to expansionand a c urnin action is setup. 111??' the obstruction ofiere by theplate 16. y reason of the churning action the difierence of tension inthe successive zones entering the reservoir is destroyed and a resultantpressure is produced within the reservoir which is greater than thepressure of the low tension zones of exhaust in said conduits. Due tothe presence of a pressure in the reservoir 17" greater than thepressure of the low tensioned zones in the conduits- 15, it is ap- Itmay be remarked here that since the exhaust which is trapped withinthersrvoir 17" is maintained at a pressure somewhat greater than that ofthe low-tensioned zones within the conduits, its potential en ergy maybe utilized when injected into the conduits to thrust the high tensionzones of as forward after they have passed the openings 1-3 and tofacilitatethe'travel of the high tensioned zones at the entrance ends ofthe conduits by the ejector action exerted thereupon'thus creating atendency toward increasing the activity of flow of exhaust through theseveral conduits and re lieving excessive pressure at the inlet end ofthe muflier. Attention is directed to the fact that the normal tendencywithin the reservoir .17 is that of a reduction in pressure due to theinjection of exhaust from the reservoir 17" into the low tensioned zonesas they pass the openings 13 and to the ejector action set up by thehigh tensioned zones of exhaust as they rush through the restrictedareas of the conduits 15. Should the rate of flow' of exhaust enteringthe conduits 15 at any time become materially accellerated. an excessivereduction in pressure within the reservoir will result due to theincreased ejector actien set up by the high tensioned zones of exhaustas they rusli through the restricted areas of the conduits and thisincreased reduction in pressure will be transmitted through the opening18Sto the core of the cohunn of exhaust entering the mufiier therebychecking the flow 'of exhaust entering the conduits 15. On the otherhand should an excessive pressure then build up within the reservoir 17"the injector action ofthe exhaust enterin the conduits through the oenings13 will be increased to facilitate t e travel of the hightensioned zones as they pass the restricted areas of the conduits and toincrease the activity of flow of' can haust entering the conduits fromthe chamber 26 by the ejector action exerted thereupon as beforementioned. Due to the the outlet ends of k relieve the pressure withinthe expansion chamber either by the ejector action set up within theconduits 15 when the exhaust is injected vth'ereinto from the reservoiror by the ejector action. upon the exhaust within the reservoir, whichis set up by the rush of the high tensioned zones through the restrictedareas of the conduits 15. Not only is there a tendency toward a reliefof pressure at the entrance end of the mufiler at all times, but underall conditions there is produced a tendency toward building up thepressure of the low tensioned zones to that of the high tensioned zonesto transform the pulsatory streams of exhaust of the several conduitsinto streams'of a uniform or a substantially uniform density.

It is to be understood that various changes may be made in what I haveshown and described as the preferred forms of my invention withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention or the scope' of thesub-joined claims. 7

Having thus described my invention, What I claim as new and desire toprotect by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. A muflier adapted for connection with an exhaust pipe comprising aplurality of conduits arranged to receive a portion of exhaust from theexhaust pipe and adapted to carry the same in the form of separatecolumns having relatively high and low tensioned zones, and a reservoirarranged to receive from the exhaust pipe another portion of exhaustindependent of that entering the conduits, the reservoir beingincommunication with said conduits whereby the exhaust of the reservoiris supplied to the low tensioned zones during the passage of the exhaustthrough said conduits.

2. A mufller comprising a plurality of conduits, arranged to receive andadapted to carry se arate un-uniformly tensioned streams o exhaust, anda reservoir arranged to receive a quantity of exhaust independent ofthat received by said conduits, said reservoir being in communicatioiiwith said conduits whereby the lower tensioned portions ofthe columnsare supplied with exhaust from said reservoir and made to approach thetension of the higher tensioned portions.

3. A mufiier comprising a casing, a plurality of conduits groupedcircumferentially about the axis thereof for carrying separate columnsof exhaust, a reservoir for receiving a tension equalizing medium, andmeans for injecting the tension equalizingmedium into said conduits tocreate a tendency towards increasing the activity of flow of the columnsof exhausttherein.

l. A muffler comprising a final expansion chamber, a plurality ofconduits for carrying separate streams of exhaust into said finalexpansion chamber, a reservoir for storing an expansive medium, andmeans for injecting the expansive medium from said reservoir into saidconduits whereby an ejectoraction is exerted upon said streams to createa tendency towards increasing the flow thereof through said conduits tosaid final expansion chamber.

5. A muflier comprisinga plurality of conduits for carrying separatecolumns of exhaust, a reservoir for receiving a tension equalizingmedium, said reservoir being in communication with said conduits andmeans on the one hand for utilizing the tension equalizing medium tocreate a tendency towards increasing the activity of flow of the columnsof exhaust and on the other hand for facilitating the ejection of thetension equalizing medium from said reservoir upon the increase ofactivity of flow of the exhaust through said conduits.

6. A muffler comprising a casing, an initial expansion chamber, a finalexpansion chamber, a plurality of conduits arranged intermediate saidcasing and the axis thereof and connecting said chambers for carryingseparate streams of exhaust from the first-named chamber to the final exansion chamber, and a tension equalizing c amber communicating with saidconduits, the conduits being adapted to receive the equalizing mediumfrom said equalizing chamber.

7. A mufller'adapted to be connected to an exhaust pipe and comprisingan initial expansion chamber adapted to receive exhaust from saidexhaust pipe, a final expansion chamber, an equalizing chamber adaptedto receive a quantity ofexhaust from said initial expansion chamber, aplurality of conduits adapted to receive from said initial expansionchamber a quantity of exhaust independent of that received by saidequalizing chamber and to carry the exhaust so-received to said finalexpansion chamber, said conduits being provided with openingscommunicating said conduits with said equalizing chamber and havingrestrictions in proximity to said openings whereby the exhaust from saidreservoir is injected into said conduits to create a tendency towardincreasing the activityof flow of the exhaust through said conduits,said restrictions and openings being adapted to facilitate the removalof the exhaust from said equalizing chamber upon the increase ofactivity of flow of the exhaust through said conduits from said initialexpansion chamber to said final expansion chamber. I

8. A muflier comprising a casing, a reservoir adapted to receive atension equalizing medium, a group of conduits intermediate said casingand the xis thereof adapted to carrystreams of exhaust, said conduitsbeing provided w1th openings commumcatmg 'the conduits w1thsaid-reservolr, and restrictions formed within said conduits, therestrictions being injproximity to the openings whereby the streams ofexhaust in their travel by said restrictions and openings tend to ejectthe tension equalizing medium from said reservoir.

9. A muflier comprising a'casing, a corrugated reservoir arran ed'withinsaid cas-y ing, the corrugations 0 said reservoir forming with saidcasing a plurality of conduits adapted to carry columns of exhaust, saidconduits having restricted areas and provided with openings inproximityto saidrestricted areas, end plates for said reservoir,'one of which isprovided with an opening through which enters exhaust to be storedtemporarily therein and subse uent- 1y injected into saidjconduits tofacllita-te the travel of exhaust therethr'ough,

.10. A muflier adapted for connection,-

with an exhaust pipe comprising a casing, a reservoir arranged withinsaid casing and forming therewith a conduit. having a restricted areaand provided with an openin in proximity to the restricted area, saiconduit being adapted to receive from said exhaust pipe 'a quantity ofexhaust and carry the same inthe form of a streamcomposed of hi gh-andlow tensioned zones,where as said reservoir is arran ed to receive vfromsaid exhaust ipe an in epeudent quantity -of exhaust w 10b is temorarily retained therein under a substantia ly uniform pressure andsubsequently injected into said conduit to facilitate the travel ofexhaust Y therethrough, and to increase the pressure.

- of said low tensioned zones. l

i 11. Av mufiier adapted for connection to'an exhaust pipe and comprisinreservoir arranged within sai casing, a conduit disposed intermediatesaid casing and the axis thereof, 'saidconduit being provided with arestricted area and having an opening adjacent the restricted areaadapted to maintain communication. between the conduit and saidreservoir, said conduit being adapted [55 to receive from said exhaustpipe a quantity of exhaust andcarry the same in the form of a streamcomposed of low and high ten sioned zones whereas said reservoir .isarranged torec'eivefrom'said exhaust ipe an independent quantity oiexhaust w ich is temporarily retained therein under substantiallyuniform pressure and subsequently inhaving a casing, a a 15.

jected into said conduit to facilitate the" travel of exhaust therethrouh and to increase the pressure of said ow' tensioned zones....

12. A muflier adaptedfor connection with an exhaust pipe comprisingacasin a reservoir located within said casing an adapted to receive asupply of exhaust from the exhaust ipe, said reservoir having a conduitexterlorly thereof, which is adapted x to carry a stream of exhaustentering the same from the exhaust pipe, said conduit a restrictedareaand an Gripening through which the ex'lfiiustis eject from saidreservoir by the ejector action-set up by the onrush of exhaust throughsaid*restricted area.

13. A mufiier adapted for connection to an exhaust pipe, comprising acasing having a reservoir arranged therein and adapted to receive asuppl .of exhaust from the exhauszdpipe, a plura ity of conduits locatedinterm i ate said casing and the axis thereof, each of which is adaptedto carry a stream of exhaust entering the same from the exhaust pipe,said conduits being pro-' vided with openings through whichcommunication is maintained between-said conduits and reservoir, andinjector elements within said conduits for utilizing the exhausttraveling through said conduits to facilitate the removal of exhaustfrom said reservoir.

x 14. A mufiier for connection to an exhaust pipe comprising a casing, ametallic lining for said casing, said linm being so corruated as to formwith sai casinga plural- 1ty of conduits each of which is adapted toreceive from the exhaust pi a stream of exhaust composed of relative yhi h and low tensioned zones, and means for in ecting into said conduitsan equalizing mediums whereby the lower tensioned zones arev made toapproach the tension of the higher tensioned zones.

A mufiier adapted for connection to an exhaust pipe comprising a casing,a metallic lining for said casing, said 'linm being so corrugated as toform with sai easing a plurallty of conduits each of which is adapted toreceive from the exhaust pipe a stream of. exhaust composed ,of relativy high and low tensioned zones, means forming with said lining areservolr adapted for the reception of a quantity of exhaust from theexhaust pipe, said reservoir being in communication with said conduitswhereby the exhaust within said reservoir is injected into said conduitsto facilitate the flow of 190

